On June 10th, 2015, the Albion-Little River Fire Protection District's board of directors considered a resolution at a public meeting to prohibit intentionally killing trees and leaving them standing dead. The measure would have effectively barred Mendocino Redwood Company's (MRC) controversial Hack-and-Squirt technique within the Fire District's roughly 40-square-mile service area.
The practice, which we have described numerous times in the AVA, involves injecting a liquid herbicide called Imazapyr into unmarketable hardwood trees – tan oaks, madrones, eucalyptus, and canyon live oaks, but mostly tan oaks – and leaving them to rot while standing. The practice is opposed by many Mendocino County firefighters who say it multiplies the intensity of forest fires and adds to the dangers of fighting them.
Two Albion-Little River Fire Protection District board members, Bob Canclini and Sam Levine, opposed the measure. They contended that that it would violate state law. They cited a letter from Cal Fire, as well as letters from the California Forestry Association and MRC itself, asserting that the District lacked the authority to regulate activities on the commercial timberland under Cal Fire's jurisdiction.
The initiative's authors, on the other hand, had sought to utilize a section of the California Code they said allowed them to pass an ordinance limiting timber company activities where health and safety is concerned. Mendocino County Counsel Doug Losak later wrote in a letter that the District does, in fact, have such authority.
Two e-mail threads I obtained in an investigation of the California timber industry's political influence reveal that officials at Cal Fire and the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection collaborated with MRC executives in the process of writing the Cal Fire letter that Canclini and Levine cited.
The e-mails also suggest that state officials sought input during the letter-writing process from an executive at California's largest timber corporation, Sierra Pacific Industries, and the president of California's largest timber industry lobbying organization, the California Forestry Association.
The revelation that these two public agencies, which preside over California's timber industry, partnered with some of that industry's most powerful players to dowse the Albion-Little River initiative's figurative flames comes at an important juncture. A similar measure to that which the coastal fire district entertained, which would declare intentionally killed standing dead trees a nuisance in Mendocino County as a whole, qualified last week for the county's June 7, 2016 election ballot.
The first of the e-mail threads I reviewed for this story was initiated on June 3rd, 2015 by Cal Fire Deputy Director of Resource Management Duane Shintaku, who oversees California's timber harvest review process. Shintaku was seeking to coordinate his own agency's response to the Albion-Little River firefighters with that of the Board of Forestry.
“I’m thinking that we need to get your draft letter by Friday in order for us to provide any additional input?” Shintaku wrote in an e-mail to then-Board of Forestry and Fire Prevention Executive Officer George Gentry. “I’m sure [Cal Fire official] Dennis [Hall] will be able to provide THP specific [sic] examples of how we mitigated the fire threat, and combined with the points you raised, I think the letter will be very compelling.”
Shintaku CC'd his letter to other Cal Fire officials, including Cal Fire Director Ken Pimlott, as well as then-MRC President Mike Jani, Sierra Pacific Industries Vice President for Resources Dan Tomascheski, and California Forestry Association President David Bischel.
The reason for Tomascheki's involvement in the e-mail thread, given that Sierra Pacific Industries does not own any land in Mendocino County, is unclear. The company owns more than 1.5 million acres in California, however, making it the state's largest private landowner. But as I explored in my January 20th story “Cap and Clear-Cut,” the company wields considerable political muscle at all applicable levels of state government.
The e-mails demonstrate that the Cal Fire and Board of Forestry officials were not unanimous in their understanding of the Albion-Little River Fire Protection District's authority to pass a measure. Cal Fire official Dennis Hall wrote in response to Gentry's letter that the “statutes you reference are specific to the regulation of timber operations by a county. The Albion Fire Protection District is not a 'county' and has separate authorities to pass ordinances within their district.”
Shintaku's response was curt: “Dennis, I still want a letter to go out explaining our position on the fire risk and herbicide issue. Ok?”
In the second thread, the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection's Gentry sought approval from each of the four MRC higher-ups responsible for the company's day-to-day operations at the time – Jani, Andersen, Bob Mertz, and Dennis Thibeault, the latter two of whom are former Sierra Pacific Industries personnel – before finalizing his own letter.
“Let me know if l should draft something about Board authorities per my original or if this response is adequate,” Gentry wrote. Later in the day, he forwarded the entire e-mail chain to the California Forestry Association's Bischel.
MRC's current president, John Andersen, had kicked off that particular e-mail exchange on June 7th by writing the Board of Forestry's Gentry, and CC'ing Jani, Mertz, and Thibeault. “[The Albion-Little River Fire Protection District] will very likely be voting on this on June 10, this Wednesday,” Andersen wrote. “I will be attending the meeting and could deliver the letter. Thank you for your help on this George.”
In another portion of the exchange, Thibeault raised a consideration that seemed calculated toward public perception of the company's widespread herbicide use. “We probably need to be sure we keep the cause of the dead tree out of the discussion,” he wrote.
Cal Fire is responsible for fighting and preventing fires within the state, as well as overseeing its timber harvest review process. The Board of Forestry and Fire Protection is a nine-member body appointed by the governor that composes the policymaking branch of state forestry and fire protection, and which appoints an executive officer – in this case, George Gentry – to implement its mandates.
Timber industry representatives make up three members of the Board of Forestry and Fire Prevention, a livestock representative fills one seat and a California Forestry Association representative frequently fills another.
Ultimately, the letter signed by Cal Fire's Shintaku to the Albion-Little River Fire Protection District began as follows: “I am writing to clarify the jurisdiction of your Fire Protection District and to suggest that the ordinances that you are considering will not be applicable to commercial, timbered forest lands within the State Responsibility Area.” It went on to cite a 2011 study on fire danger from standing dead trees authored by UC Cooperative Extension Northern California Region Lead Forest Advisor Yana Valachovic. Shintaku and other Cal Fire authors neglected to mention that the study actually concluded that fire hazard is greater in cases of trees killed by herbicides than trees that die from disease.
With a county ordinance that would declare intentionally killed and left standing trees a public nuisance to appear before voters in June, MRC and its political allies will be increasingly promoting such arguments.
But the insider e-mails provide backing for one of the central claims of the ballot initiative's proponents. Many of them have noted that the state agencies charged with protecting California residents from forest fires tend to be timber industry hand-maidens who have worked to undermine local firefighters who are actually the ones attempting to protect health and safety.
“Those e-mails illustrate exactly why a county-level initiative is necessary for protecting people who live here,” said Albion-Little River Volunteer Fire Chief Ted Williams in an interview. I gave Williams an opportunity to review the e-mails so he could comment for this story.
Board of Foresty and Fire Protection Chairman J. Keith Gilles, who is Dean of Natural Resources at the University of California, Berkeley, also had an opportunity to review the e-mails but did not respond to my request to comment on this story. Gilles is a professor in UC Berkeley's Forestry Program. Cal Fire's Duane Shintaku also did not respond to a request for comment on this story.
I also gave Board of Forestry and Fire Protection member Kim Rodrigues, who is director of the UC Hopland Research Extension Center and was appointed to the Board last year, an opportunity to review the e-mails and comment on this story. “As a member of the BOF at this time, none of these letters or the related topic has come to the BOF, so I truly cannot comment,” Rodrigues wrote via e-mail. “I will address this topic as appropriate when/if it comes to the BOF during my tenure.”
Els Cooperrider, a long-time Mendocino County environmental activist who coordinated the collection of signatures for the June 7th ballot initiative, said regarding the e-mails that “we know this sort of thing is going on all the time, but it's astounding to have the proof of it.”
The campaign to oppose MRC's large-scale creation of standing-dead hardwoods – as many as one-million dead trees per year, by one estimate – has placed the timber industry in the tricky position of having to defend a contradiction. For decades, the industry's leaders have stridently lobbied to increase logging – including the logging of dead standing trees – in the name of preventing forest fires. However, the dead standing trees the industry has specifically targeted are those killed by droughts and insect infestations, rather than herbicides. In recent years, Sierra Pacific Industries, the California Forestry Association, and other entities have used the issue as a wedge to open up greater logging on public lands.
In October, California Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency to expedite the removal of an estimated 22 million trees in California forests that are standing dead due to insect infestations attributed to the state's record-setting drought.
“Our forests are at risk from drought, wildfire and disease, which puts the safety of our communities in jeopardy,” the California Forestry Association's Bischel wrote in an October 30th press release commending Brown's declaration. “By expediting the removal of dying trees, this order will help to enhance the resiliency of our forests by removing fuel, thereby reducing the risk of catastrophic wildfire,” he added.
Mendocino Redwood Company is already contending with the perception that they are a wealthy corporation that is working against the will of local residents. The company's activities are always notable, in part, because of its owners: the Fisher family of San Francisco.
Best known as owners of The Gap and Banana Republic retail clothing empire, family matriarch Doris Fisher and her sons Robert, William, and John (who is also well-known in the East Bay as the majority owner of the Oakland A's) are all billionaires. Their collective worth exceeds $9 billion. Within the Fishers' 440,000 acres of forestland in Humboldt, Mendocino, and Sonoma counties, the family owns more coastal redwood forest than any private entity ever has.
The eldest Fisher brother, Robert, is well-known as a member of the inner-circle of the man who appoints the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection's members: Governor Jerry Brown. Fisher serves as co-chair of a little-known cabinet-level body in Sacramento called the California Strategic Growth Council (SGC). Enacted by the state legislature in 2008, the SGC is a cornerstone of Governor Brown's efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions.
The panel has the broad and unprecedented mandate of coordinating implementation of California's climate change prescriptions across all levels of state government, while also preparing the state to accommodate a projected population of 50 million by the year 2050. But the position poses a conflict of interest for Fisher, whose family owns a company that stands to make millions of dollars from the state's "cap-and-trade" system, and which harvests living tree species – coast redwoods – that scientists have shown store carbon dioxide more efficiently than any other on earth.
As I reported in the AVA last November, MRC has already spent tens of thousands of dollars on its marketing campaign to defeat the June ballot initiative. As of December 31st, 2015, the amount the company had spent was $52,768.68 – all before the initiative had even qualified. The company has hired a Minnesota-based public relations firm named Risdall Marketing Group to coordinate the campaign, which has been geared toward characterizing Mendocino Redwood as good neighbors to local residents, while implanting the word “treatment” in the public mind as a substitute for “poison” or “poisoning.”
MRC President John Andersen declined to comment on the news that the standing dead trees ordinance had qualified for the June ballot. “I need to check with others at Mendocino Redwood as to election rules and what we can discuss during this time period,” Anderson wrote via e-mail. “I will get back to you when we would like to discuss publicly.”
Soon after the June 2015 e-mail exchanges involving Cal Fire, the Board of Forestry, MRC executives, Sierra Pacific Industries' Tomascheski, and the California Forestry Association's Bischel, the Board of Forestry's participant in them, George Gentry, concluded his 13-year tenure at the organization and became a lobbyist – for the California Forestry Association. MRC's Mike Jani was chairman of the California Forestry Association's Legislative Affairs Committee from at least 2013 to '15, according to the organization's records.
DOCUMENTS
- e-mail thread #1
- e-mail thread #2
- Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) letter
- California Forestry Association (Calforests) letter
FIRE BEHAVIOR STUDY
CORRECTION
My November 2015 AVA piece, "MRC's New Public Relations Firm," stated that the county's voter-approved 2004 ban on GMO crop cultivation is not enforced by the Agriculture Department. That was a mischaracterization. I asked County Agriculture Commissioner Chuck Morse to detail his department's activities in relation to the ban. He wrote:
"The Ag Dept. is involved in following up on alleged cultivation of GMO crops and overseeing the quarantining and destruction of any crops found to have been cultivated that are determined to be GMO. As such, this is a process driven by suspicions or complaints from the public, unless one of my inspectors happens to see something that does not look right while they are out doing their normal activities. In my tenure here (8 years), I have been aware of one incidence where we were called and followed-up. The complaint was not confirmed in that case. Quite frankly, we don't grow the main GMO crops (Corn, cotton, soybeans) here anyway and the general tenor and opinions of the populace here prefers non-GMO, so any grower who chose to go that way would be facing public scorn plus enforcement from my office. I think these factors combine to basically keep GMOs from being viable for the odd small crop planting where such seeds are available.
We will take the information and follow-up with a field inspection and discussions with the property owner. The field test kits are relatively specific to plant species, so obtaining the proper field testing kit is critical, if we can affirm that there may be a violation and a sample is going to be taken. The field test kits are not the ultimate in analytical accuracy either, so an initial 'hit' on them would require a more complete analysis of the plant tissue by an accredited lab. We use the field test kits to initiate a Hold Order and Quarantine pending further results. If a crop is determined, through lab testing, to be GMO, we would abate (destroy) the crop in-place by appropriate means."
Well, there you have it; clear-cut evidence of the collusion between forest industry, the Board of Foresty, and top leadership at CalFire. This is just pathetic our generously compensated public servants are! And we cannot assume any longer that Sacramento will protect us. This has to stop!
So EVERYONE needs to register, and vote for a ban on ‘hack ‘n’ spray’!
People of like minds are often confused for a conspiracy. What forestry people see in the redwood region is the need to economically control tan oak. Lots of methods have been tried. Hack and squirt has become the preferred method. There is no consensus from fire fighters that creating tan oak snags significantly increases fire risk. Most fire departments have more pressing issues of concern. There is also no consensus that tan oak snags pose a significant increase in safety risk for fire fighters.
We can learn from history. Creating tan oak snags started with Masonite in the late 1960s. We have been doing this to a greater or lesser extent since then. Fires have burned through some of these areas. Have fires been more intense in these areas with tan oak snags? Have there been issues of increased safety risk to fire fighters? The people fighting these fires should know.
Reply to Mr Hollister. H&S has become the preferred method due not only to it’s effectiveness at eliminating unwanted species but also it’s effectiveness increasing the bottom line. This management technique (H&S) is mush less expensive than mechanical elimination of unwanted species.
There is a rapidly growing consensus among firefighters that the increase in dead standing trees is a potential threat to firefighter safety. The threat comes from the huge increase of dead standing trees in recent years. While the industry and Cal Fire would like to push the idea that dead trees don’t burn, the public and firefighters are not buying it. As a retired career wildland firefighter (35 years) I know from personal experience the dangers of naturally occurring snags within the fire environment. We lose firefighters every year to snags. Firefighters now face human caused snags on well over 90,000 acres of land in Mendocino County. Human caused snags are increasing at a rate of 100,000,000 each year. Much of this increase affects vast swaths of continuous trees. In my mind this is an unacceptable safety risk. A UC study authored by foresters and fire chiefs stated “Even if fire severity ends up being low, ramped-up fire behavior will inspire a different choice of tactics for suppression, and this choice will have consequences”.
This management practice of leaving very large areas of dead standing trees is not only gambling with firefighter and public safety. It will cost the tax payers of the State of California. The UC study referenced above states “this choice will have consequences”. The consequences they are referring to represent an increase in the cost of fire suppression. I sincerely hope the statement is not referring to the consequence of firefighter injuries and fatalities.
A quick look at google earth would show that many of the houses on Albion Ridge are not obeying laws all ready on the books about maintaining defensible space for fire safety. Fire fighters should be focusing on that instead of what’s happening in the woods. Seems like a wildland fire would be low priority when there are structures at stake. I’ve seen CALFire refuse to enter a forest fire with standing dead snags so what keeps a firefighter safe is using what is between their ears not laws and regulations. Tankoak management has been going on in the county since the Indians and Imazapyr has been used for hack and squirt since the late 90’s, Where are the ill effects and enormous conflagrations? Comparing the tanoak situation to the conifer dieoff in the Sierras is comparing apples to oranges. And what is wrong with making a profit from the trees. If you can’t make money growing trees then maybe you can subdividing and putting in more houses, more roads and more fire danger. Look at the Lake and Butte fires – not much hack and squirt there but 1400+ houses lost in the urban/ wildland interface. Making money from it keeps the forest a forest. After decades of effort and a lot of people thinking about how to use it, tanoak is still a loser so why not reduce its numbers and replace it with redwood or Doug-fir.